Description
Table of Contents
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
2 Normative references……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
2.1 Standards. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
2.2 Other publications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
3 Definitions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
4 Refrigerating systems……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
4.1 Refrigerant numbers and classes………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
4.2 Types of refrigerating system………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
4.3 Occupancy classification of locations (areas)………………………………………………………………………………………..13
5 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
5.1 Materials…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
5.4 Design pressure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
5.5 Maximum working pressure……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
5.6 Test pressures. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..17
5.7 Limiting pressure in the system………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
5.8 Reserve pressure-relief devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
5.9 Refrigerant substitution…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
5.10 Marking…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
5.11 Refrigerant pressure gauges or indicators………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
5.13 Refrigerant piping, valves, fittings and related parts…………………………………………………………………………… 28
5.14 Components other than pressure vessels and piping………………………………………………………………………….. 29
5.15 Requirements for servicing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
5.16 Factory tests……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
6 Siting and installation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
6.1 General……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
6.2 System types that contain class A1/B1 refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………. 31
6.3 System types that contain class A2/B2 refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………. 32
6.4 System types that contain class A3/B3 refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………. 33
6.5 Secondary refrigerants (heat-transferring substances)…………………………………………………………………………. 33
6.6 Location of refrigerant piping. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
6.7 Refrigerant detectors………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
6.8 Isolating devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
6.11 Machinery areas and plant rooms………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
6.13 Marking……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
6.15 Plant and equipment in the open air………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
7 Staff competence, operation and maintenance………………………………………………………………………………………. 42
7.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….42
7.2 Duties of the responsible person………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
7.3 Instruction manual ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43
7.4 Schedule of operation. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43
7.5 Maintenance……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
7.6 Use of arc-producing and flame-producing apparatus…………………………………………………………………………… 45
7.7 Standard operating procedures for refrigerated chambers……………………………………………………………………. 45
7.8 Personal protective equipment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………46
8 Inspection and testing of refrigeration plants………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
8.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….47
8.2 Inspection and testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47
8.3 Refrigerant leakage…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
8.4 Safety devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
8.5 Pressure-relief devices……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
9 Charging, discharging or substitution of refrigerants. ……………………………………………………………………………….48
9.1 Charging and discharging of refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49
9.2 Substitution of refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 49
9.3 Manual emergency discharge of refrigerant 50
10.1 General……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
10.2 Compliance with legislation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
10.3 Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
10.4 Competence training……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
10.5 Assessment of competence…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 53
10.6 Maintenance of competence……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 53
Annex A………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
Selection of materials……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 54
Annex B…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
Ammonia refrigeration safety for mining applications………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
Annex C…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
Properties of refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
Annex D…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62
Ozone-depleting substances………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 62
Annex E…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
Dangers inherent in refrigerating systems…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
Annex F……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 68
Suggested format for the written scheme of inspection…………………………………………………………………………………………. 68
Annex F……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
Annex G……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 71
Emergency discharge of refrigerants………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 71
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 73